About 80% of the planet's inhabitants are infected with various helminths.It often takes a long time and fails to treat a disease whose true cause is a parasite.Worms that can live in humans destroy the integrity of the vessel walls, block the intestinal lumen and damage the internal organs.They remove toxic substances that enter the blood.
What worms do people have?
Helminths colonize the intestines or parasitize living in any other organ.There are several species that are the most common nematodes.Their body has an elongated, round cross-sectional shape, tapering at the ends.More than others, infection occurs:
- Roundworms, trichinae, inhabiting the small intestine and other organs;
- A whip that lives in the large intestine and feeds on blood and mucus;
- Pinworms collected in the cecum and colon.
Pinworms are often found when there is a stool test for wooden testobiasis, especially in children.
In addition to those listed, there are less than a hundred common parasites that live in different parts of the intestine.For example, these worms are found in humans, hookworms and roundworms in the thin segment;The thick section is often clogged with whipworms.Humans are hosts for adult tapeworms with a flat, long body.A large iribe and pork live in the intestines of tapeworms, cestodes and echinococci.
Fluke worms have suckers on their bodies that range from a few millimeters (Siberian fluke) to 7 cm (fascia).Parasites are transmitted to humans through consumption of raw fish and untreated water.Sometimes infection with worms passes through the skin during swimming in lakes and rivers (schistosoma).Once settled, they can feel great in different human bodies for several years.
Methods of infection
Different worms enter different routes.The main method of infection by parasites is fecal-oral.It is associated with penetration of helminths along with food and water.When people forget to wash their hands before eating, they just eat invisible organisms.Worms in feces are rarely visible to the naked eye.But the flies that walk on the excrement always carry their eggs.If an insect lands on a part of a fabric, the chance of infection increases significantly.
Worms appear in people after working with soil or sand without gloves.In the latter case, small children, where the sandbox is a favorite place to play, suffer more from parasites.Helminths reach the surface of the soil together with the feces of animals - cats, dogs, livestock and flies.Unwashed hands on the human body, microtraumas, microtraumas on the skin and insufficiently processed vegetables.Inhaling street dust, saturated with very hardy larvae, can become infected.
Another factor that contributes to the appearance of worms is the use of poor-quality water.It is highly undesirable to swallow liquid while swimming in the sea, river or lake.Fish, waterfowl and domestic animal feces contain many parasites.If a person consumes raw fish or meat, there is a risk that an infection will occur and parasites - Bovine Tapeworm, Pig Tapeworm, Tapeworm - will take up residence in the body.Medical reference books contain photos of worms that can reach several meters in length.
Symptoms and signs of helminthic infestation
By hosting parasites, people lose weight quickly, feel exhausted and look pale.Show the presence of worms:
- pains throughout the body;
- painful sensations in the joints;
- general weakness;
- loss of appetite;
- diarrhea or constipation;
- Nausea attacks.
However, to make sure that helminths are present in the body, it is necessary to undergo an examination.This will help identify worms in the stool or specific antibodies in the blood.
Symptoms increase in the absence of timely treatment.Depending on which worms prevail in the body, the symptoms of the disease will differ in the places where they collect.Bile stasis occurs when the ducts are blocked by parasites.A person feels heaviness and pain in the right hypochondrium, bitterness in the mouth.He periodically suffers from attacks of nausea and constipation.
Many worms hide substances that irritate the intestinal walls - diarrhea, the stool appears watery and frothy.In addition, the patient complains of gas formation, loud noises in the abdomen and pain in the navel.
Worms, once in the human body, can migrate.Their progression is accompanied by severe pain.Most often, a person with helminthiasis thinks that he has an exacerbation of arthritis.In fact, the unpleasant sensations caused by worms are the body's response to tissue damage.
A person lives in a state of indifference, has a problem with concentration and memory.This happens when the parasites stay in the body for a long time.A previously unusual allergy or intolerance of the body occurs to certain foods.Worms are the culprits of skin problems.The most common are:
- acne, pimples all over the body;
- urticaria, atopic dermatitis, eczema;
- very early appearance of wrinkles;
- Hair loss, bald spots.
More frequent runny noses, bronchitis, asthma and pneumonia can lead to the migration of worms in the bloodstream.Sometimes parasites settle in the lungs, where they lay eggs and become adults and full-fledged individuals.On X-rays and scans obtained after tomography, worms look like focal darkening of a round or oval shape.
The introduction of toxic waste products of helminths into the blood should make people complain:
- constant anxiety, irritation;
- depression;
- insomnia.
Both obesity and overweight are common symptoms of worms.Digestive problems and intoxication lead to poor appetite.A person loses body weight.Long-term presence of parasites causes a decrease in blood glucose levels and a constant feeling of hunger.At the cellular level, there is a lack of nutrients that is compensated by the accumulation of adipose tissue.
Drug therapy
Treatment of helminthiasis by a specialist is not recommended for several reasons.The first is that it is not always possible to identify parasites even after passing stool for analysis several times.To determine exactly what type of worms inhabit a person, you need to do a more detailed examination, including:
- Complete blood test with leukemia formula;
- Biochemical blood test (liver tests);
- Analysis of stool and rectal mucus.
Sometimes it is necessary to detect worms colonizing the body, examination of bile, sputum and small parts.
Treating worms in an adult or child is a dubious idea.Pharmacological drugs are quite toxic.At the same time, many have an effect directed against a certain species without affecting others.
The results of the tests confirmed the presence of worms or parasites in a person's feces by other diagnostic procedures, the infectious disease doctor chooses the most effective drug.The prescribing physician must specify the number of times and dosage of the medication based on the patient's weight.Worms are treated:
- Albendazole;
- Paraziquantheloma;
- Medamine;
- Mebendazole;
- PYRANTEL.
The procedure to get rid of worms is added to agents that eliminate intoxication (sorbents), antiallergic drugs and vitamins.
Preventive measures
Considering that worms are very easily transmitted from animals or an infected person, every effort should be made to prevent their occurrence.To do this, you must strictly observe hygiene.An important factor in protection against worms is the correct preparation of food products.
Doctors recommend an annual preventive procedure to remove worms in spring and autumn.Even if a person has no obvious signs of infection.Maximum effectiveness can be achieved if all family members take the medicine recommended by the doctor.Most parasites are so small that you can see images of some worm eggs through a powerful microscope when examining feces or other biomaterials.